Drugs That Cause Short- term Memory Loss. Short- term memory is the ability to store sensory information for relatively short times, ranging from a few minutes to a few days. The main site for storing short- term memories is the hippocampus, a region in the brain's limbic system. In order to store new experiences in the hippocampus, the neurons in this area must form new neural networks. A neural network forms when proteins strengthen the neuron synapses, or projections. Most drugs that interfere with short- term memory prevents new neural networks from being formed by inhibiting or exciting neuron activity or metabolism below or beyond the normal levels. Losing weight with appetite suppressing drugs, herbs and macronutrients. Wednesday, July 06, 2005 by: Dani Veracity Tags: weight loss, appetite suppressants, appetite. Clenbuterol, size zero pill is used for weight loss. Benzodiazepines, a class of GABA agonists, bind to gamma- aminobutyric acid, or GABA, receptors in the brain. GABA is the brain's main inhibitory neurotransmitter. In the spine it ensures that light touch is not perceived as painful, and in the brain it inhibits hyper- excitability of neurons that could otherwise lead to seizures. Benzodiazepines have a similar effect. When injected directly into the spine, benzodiazepines function as strong pain relievers. When administered orally, they slow various regions of the brain, including the hippocampus. According to a review published in the November 2. Scientific World Journal, this kind of drug- induced brain retardation inhibits the formation of new memories and the retrieval of old ones. Imidazopyridines belong to a class of serotonin hypnotic drugs that are effect- related but chemically unrelated to benzodiazepines. The class is made up of zolpidem, or Ambien, saripidem, alpidem and ecopidem. Ambien, the best- known drug in this group, is prescribed for insomnia and other sleep disorders. Like benzodiazepines, imidazopyridines are GABA receptor agonists. They bind to the GABA receptor, which slows brain activity, including neuron activity in the hippocampus. According to a study published in the February 2. Clinical Toxicology, this can cause short- term memory loss and other forms of cognitive impairments. Illegal drugs are not safe for the unborn baby or for the mother. Studies have shown that using illegal drugs during pregnancy can lead to complications. Related Articles. The Best Natural Stimulants For Increased Energy and Weight Loss. Why Dieting Actually Makes People Fat and How To Do It Right. The hCG Diet Scam. Step 1: Research and Development. We selected three types of ingredients for our formula. We chose extracts and chemicals marketed for weight loss that have not been. Interest in weight-loss drugs is growing as more drugs become available. Could one of them help you? For most people, the prescription for weight loss is pretty basic: Eat less, move more. In recent years, however, new drugs to combat obesity have moved onto the market. Omni Drops Side Effects: In a world of weight-loss supplements, it’s easy to confuse a natural solution with being free of side effects. Each individual is. ![]() Lithium salt is the oldest drug used to treat mental disorders. Coca- cola originally produced a drink called Lithia Coke that contained lithium, and 7. UP was originally marketed as a hangover cure that contained lithium. Lithium was removed from 7. UP in 1. 95. 0. Lithium has anti- depressant and anti- mania effects. It's primarily prescribed for bipolar disorder, cyclic major depression and schizo- affective disorder. Lithium decreases the brain levels of serotonin, dopamine and the stress hormone norepinephrine. According to reviews published in Lithium in Neuropsychiatry, the main side effects of lithium salts are muscle tremors, the movement coordination disorder visual ataxia, hypothyroidism, weight gain and short- term memory loss. Gabapentin is a GABA analogue that increases the production of GABA by modulating GABA enzymes. The drug is approved for neuropatic, or nerve- related, pain, as part of a treatment plan for methamphetamine and cocaine addiction, and as a secondary line of treatment for partial seizures. One of the side effects of gabapentin is short- term memory loss, according to a study published in the March 2. British Journal of Ophthalmolology. Increased levels of GABA inhibit neuron activity in the hippocampus, interfering with short- term memory formation. Ecstasy is an illegal drug widely used in dance clubs in major cities. It gives rise to a feeling of euphoria and a sense of trust and intimacy with others. It blocks the breakdown of dopamine, serotonin and norepinephrine and also has some affinity for serotonin receptors. When it binds to serotonin receptors, it leads to an increase in the brain levels of the cuddle hormone oxytocin. Ecstasy also has significant side effects, including short- term memory loss, reports a study in the February 2. Journal of Psychopharmacology. Users of ecstasy more often forget to carry out intended actions, researchers found. Prescription weight- loss drugs: Can they help you? Common weight- loss drugs. The chart shows the currently available prescription weight- loss drugs, how they work and their side effects. Drug. Mechanism of action. Possible side effects. Benzphetamine (Didrex)Decreases appetite, increases feeling of fullness. Increased blood pressure and heart rate, nervousness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation. Diethylpropion (Tenuate)Decreases appetite, increases feeling of fullness. Headache, increased blood pressure and heart rate, nervousness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation. Lorcaserin (Belviq)Decreases appetite, increases feeling of fullness. Headache, nausea, dry mouth, dizziness, fatigue, constipation. Naltrexone and bupropion extended- release (Contrave)Decreases appetite, increases feeling of fullness. Nausea, constipation, headache, vomiting, dizziness. Phendimetrazine. Decreases appetite, increases feeling of fullness. Increased blood pressure and heart rate, nervousness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation. Phentermine (Adipex- P, Suprenza)Decreases appetite, increases feeling of fullness. Headache, increased blood pressure and heart rate, nervousness, insomnia, dry mouth, constipation. Orlistat (Xenical)Blocks absorption of fat. Decreased absorption of fat- soluble vitamins, oily spotting, intestinal cramps, gas with discharge, diarrhea, fecal urgency and incontinence. Phentermine and topiramate extended- release (Qsymia)Decreases appetite, increases feeling of fullness. Insomnia, dry mouth, dizziness, constipation, pins and needles feeling, changes in sense of taste or smell. Liraglutide (Saxenda)Slows gastric emptying, increases feeling of fullness. Nausea, vomiting, pancreatitis. Safety of weight- loss drugs. Drugs for short- term use. Diethylpropion (Tenuate), phentermine (Adipex- P), benzphetamine (Didrex) and phendimetrazine are approved for only short- term use — generally less than 1. These drugs are classified as controlled substances because they have the potential to be abused. Because of possible side effects, these drugs aren't recommended if you have heart disease, high blood pressure or hyperthyroidism. Drugs for long- term use. Orlistat (Xenical), lorcaserin (Belviq), phentermine- topiramate (Qsymia), naltrexone- bupropion (Contrave) and liraglutide (Saxenda) are approved for long- term use. Orlistat is also available in a reduced- strength form without a prescription (Alli). Limiting your intake of dietary fat is critical when taking orlistat to minimize side effects. After orlistat was approved, rare cases of serious liver injury were reported in some people taking it. No cause- and- effect relationship was established. However, Xenical and Alli labels now advise people taking orlistat to be alert to signs and symptoms that could indicate liver injury, such as itching, loss of appetite, yellow eyes or skin, light- colored stool, or brown urine. Lorcaserin (Belviq) initially raised concerns because it works somewhat like fenfluramine — which was withdrawn from the market because it damaged heart valves. However, there is no evidence that Belviq damages heart valves. Belviq may increase heart rate, so people taking it may need to have their heart rate checked. The combination drug Qsymia (phentermine and topiramate) increases the risk of birth defects. Thus, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) required the manufacturer to have a risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS). The REMS is intended to alert women to the risks and explain the need to avoid becoming pregnant while taking Qsymia. In addition, Qsymia is considered a controlled substance because one of its ingredients — phentermine — has the potential for abuse. The combination drug Contrave contains naltrexone and bupropion. Naltrexone is used to treat alcohol and opioid dependence, while bupropion is an antidepressant that often reduces the risk of weight gain in people who are trying to quit smoking. Contrave also can raise heart rate and blood pressure and may increase the risk of seizures. Bupropion can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Liraglutide (Saxenda) is the newest drug to be approved for weight loss. The FDA approved it with the requirement that the manufacturer have a REMS to inform doctors about the serious risks associated with Saxenda. Saxenda has a boxed warning stating that tumors of the thyroid gland have been observed in animal studies but that it is unknown whether Saxenda causes these tumors in humans. Unlike the other weight- loss drugs, Saxenda is administered by injection once daily. Factors to consider. If you meet the criteria for prescription weight- loss drugs, you and your doctor will need to evaluate the potential benefits against the possible risks of taking the medicine. Cost also is a consideration. Not all health insurance plans cover prescription weight- loss drugs. Adverse effects are common with weight- loss drugs, which may make it hard to stick with treatment. As you consider weight- loss drugs, make sure that you make every effort to exercise, change your eating habits and adjust any other lifestyle factors that have contributed to your excess weight. Weight- loss drugs aren't the easy answer to weight loss, but they can be a useful tool to help you make the necessary diet and lifestyle changes. Keeping off the pounds you've lost, however, is an ongoing concern. And many people, despite their efforts, still regain the weight. April 3. 0, 2. 01. Ask. Mayo. Expert. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2. Bray GA, et al. Obesity in adults: Drug therapy. Accessed Jan. 2. 7, 2. Padwal RS, et al. Drug treatments for obesity: Orlistat, sibutramine and remonabant. Rucker D, et al. Long term pharmacotherapy for obesity and overweight: Updated meta- analysis. Meridia (sibutramine): Market withdrawal due to risk of serious cardiovascular events. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 1. Completed safety review of Xenical/Alli (orlistat) and severe liver injury. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 1. Xenical (prescribing information). South San Francisco, Calif.: Genentech USA, Inc.; 2. Accessed April 1. Belviq (prescribing information). San Diego, Calif.: Arena Pharmaceuticals; 2. Accessed April 1. FDA approves Belviq to treat some overweight or obese adults. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 1. FDA approves weight- management drug Qsymia. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 1. Qsymia (prescribing information). Mountain View, Calif.: Vivus Inc.; 2. Accessed April 1. Pollack A. FDA approves Qsymia, a weight- loss drug. New York Times. Accessed April 1. Allison DB, et al. Controlled- release phentermine/topiramate in severely obese adults: A randomized controlled trial (EQUIP). Medications target long- term weight control. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 1. Publication in Federal Register tomorrow moves Belviq (lorcaserin) closer to launch. Accessed April 1. Didrex (prescribing information). New York., N. Y.: Pharmacia and Upjohn; 2. Accessed April 1. Suprenza (prescribing information). Cranford, N. J.: Akrimas; 2. Accessed April 1. Tenuate (prescribing information). Parsippany, N. J.: Actavis Pharma, Inc., 2. Accessed April 1. Bontril (prescribing information). Princeton, N. J.: Sandoz Pharmaceuticals, 2. Accessed April 1. Contrave (prescribing information). Deerfield, Ill.: Takeda Pharmaceuticals America; 2. Accessed April 1. FDA approves weight- management drug Contrave. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 1. Apovian CM, et al. Guidelines on pharmacological management of obesity: An Endocrine Society clinical practice guideline. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism. FDA approves weight- management drug Saxenda. Food and Drug Administration. Accessed April 1. Saxenda (prescribing information). Plainsboro, N. J.: Novo Nordisk; 2. Accessed April 1. Murphy JA, et al. Drugs in perspective: Liraglutide for the treatment of obesity. Formulary Watch. Accessed April 1. See more In- depth.
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